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	<title>Comments on: Riggs&#8217; Geological Perspective on North Carolina Sea Level</title>
	<atom:link href="http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/</link>
	<description>by Steve McIntyre</description>
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		<title>By: Eli Rabett</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-304413</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eli Rabett]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Sep 2011 03:29:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-304413</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Why yes, recently people have been in the business of rebuilding the barrier islands.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why yes, recently people have been in the business of rebuilding the barrier islands.</p>
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		<title>By: John M</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298200</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John M]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jul 2011 21:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298200</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Let me clarify my question.

By &quot;they&quot; I meant RC.

I know that it&#039;s a known factor, I&#039;m just wondering if &lt;i&gt;they&lt;/i&gt; took it into account.

I didn&#039;t see it, but I may have missed it.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let me clarify my question.</p>
<p>By &#8220;they&#8221; I meant RC.</p>
<p>I know that it&#8217;s a known factor, I&#8217;m just wondering if <i>they</i> took it into account.</p>
<p>I didn&#8217;t see it, but I may have missed it.</p>
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		<title>By: Nick Stokes</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298130</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nick Stokes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jul 2011 05:32:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I found this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_drives_longer.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;comprehensive site&lt;/a&gt; at CSIRO. They list both as causes of observed sea level rise, which I suppose means that they don&#039;t adjust. They say:
 &lt;i&gt;&quot;For example, extraction of water from underground aquifers can increase the mass of the ocean whereas the storage of water in dams can decrease the mass of the ocean.&quot;&lt;/i&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I found this <a href="http://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_drives_longer.html" rel="nofollow">comprehensive site</a> at CSIRO. They list both as causes of observed sea level rise, which I suppose means that they don&#8217;t adjust. They say:<br />
 <i>&#8220;For example, extraction of water from underground aquifers can increase the mass of the ocean whereas the storage of water in dams can decrease the mass of the ocean.&#8221;</i></p>
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		<title>By: RickA</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298112</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[RickA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:38:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298112</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks Nick.

That is what I thought.

What I don&#039;t get is why they felt the need to adjust the sea level rise data for the volume change based on sinking basins and rising coasts, but not the need to adjust the data for the volume change based on thermal expansion?

Doesn&#039;t it make sense to adjust for all volume changes, if they are going to adjust for any?

The other thing I don&#039;t quite understand is aren&#039;t all the old tide gauge measurements made relative to the coast - in other words not relative to the center of the Earth.

By adjusting for GIA they are converting a relative measurement (how high sea level is relative to the coast at a particular tide gauge), to an absolute measurement (how high is the sea level, keeping the volume of the basin holding the ocean constant). 

To me, the relative measurement is the important one. 

If sea level rises relative to Florida 1 meter by 2100, I assume a lot of land will be covered.

However, if Florida rose 1 meter and the ocean rose 1 meter, so no relative difference in land lost to the sea, who cares?

Any thoughts on these questions are welcome.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks Nick.</p>
<p>That is what I thought.</p>
<p>What I don&#8217;t get is why they felt the need to adjust the sea level rise data for the volume change based on sinking basins and rising coasts, but not the need to adjust the data for the volume change based on thermal expansion?</p>
<p>Doesn&#8217;t it make sense to adjust for all volume changes, if they are going to adjust for any?</p>
<p>The other thing I don&#8217;t quite understand is aren&#8217;t all the old tide gauge measurements made relative to the coast &#8211; in other words not relative to the center of the Earth.</p>
<p>By adjusting for GIA they are converting a relative measurement (how high sea level is relative to the coast at a particular tide gauge), to an absolute measurement (how high is the sea level, keeping the volume of the basin holding the ocean constant). </p>
<p>To me, the relative measurement is the important one. </p>
<p>If sea level rises relative to Florida 1 meter by 2100, I assume a lot of land will be covered.</p>
<p>However, if Florida rose 1 meter and the ocean rose 1 meter, so no relative difference in land lost to the sea, who cares?</p>
<p>Any thoughts on these questions are welcome.</p>
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		<title>By: John M</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298111</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John M]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:08:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I wonder if they took the amount of geologic water withdrawn from aquifers into account.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wonder if they took the amount of geologic water withdrawn from aquifers into account.</p>
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		<title>By: Nick Stokes</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298105</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nick Stokes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 2011 22:07:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298105</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[They don&#039;t adjust for thermal expansion. According to FAQ 5.1 of the AR4
 &lt;i&gt;&quot;During recent years (1993–2003), for which the observing system is much better, thermal expansion and melting of land ice each account for about half of the observed sea level rise, although there is some uncertainty in the estimates. &quot;&lt;/i&gt;
 
 The latest RC post mentions an adjustment (they used it for acceleration) which I was surprised to see is somewhat significant - the amount of water held in manmade reservoirs.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>They don&#8217;t adjust for thermal expansion. According to FAQ 5.1 of the AR4<br />
 <i>&#8220;During recent years (1993–2003), for which the observing system is much better, thermal expansion and melting of land ice each account for about half of the observed sea level rise, although there is some uncertainty in the estimates. &#8220;</i></p>
<p> The latest RC post mentions an adjustment (they used it for acceleration) which I was surprised to see is somewhat significant &#8211; the amount of water held in manmade reservoirs.</p>
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		<title>By: RickA</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-298099</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[RickA]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 2011 20:19:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-298099</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Does anybody know if the sea level rise data has been adjusted for the temperature change since 1850?

I know they just adjusted it for GIA - which is really a volume adjustment, as the ocean basins are larger today than 1850, due to glacial rebound and basins sinking (on average).

But what about the volume change to the ocean based on thermal expansion.  It is .8C warmer than 1850, so has the a similar volume adjustment been made to the sea level data to account for thermal expansion?

I have been unable to determine if both volume adjustments are incorporated into the sea level rise data, or just the GIA adjustment.

It would seem to me that these two different volume adjustments offset each other.

It would also seem to me that if one volume adjustment is being made, both should be made.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Does anybody know if the sea level rise data has been adjusted for the temperature change since 1850?</p>
<p>I know they just adjusted it for GIA &#8211; which is really a volume adjustment, as the ocean basins are larger today than 1850, due to glacial rebound and basins sinking (on average).</p>
<p>But what about the volume change to the ocean based on thermal expansion.  It is .8C warmer than 1850, so has the a similar volume adjustment been made to the sea level data to account for thermal expansion?</p>
<p>I have been unable to determine if both volume adjustments are incorporated into the sea level rise data, or just the GIA adjustment.</p>
<p>It would seem to me that these two different volume adjustments offset each other.</p>
<p>It would also seem to me that if one volume adjustment is being made, both should be made.</p>
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		<title>By: ferd berple</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-296380</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ferd berple]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jun 2011 21:02:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-296380</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The logic is only baffling if you assume that the author is trying to conduct science according to the scientific method.

Change your assumption.  Consider that the purpose of the Kemp paper is to support a specific hypothesis.

Multiple locations were examined until one was found that satisfied the hypothesis, and the data from that site was used for the study.  The contrary data was not disclosed.

This then allows them to publish and say the data supports the hypothesis.  This was what was done with the hockey stick.  Why would this study be any different?

Having violated the scientific method previously, why assume that this would not be repeated in subsequent studies?

The assumption that the purpose of the study was to conduct science is in error.  The purpose of the study is not to conduct science.  It is to provide evidence in support of a hypothesis, while appearing to be science.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The logic is only baffling if you assume that the author is trying to conduct science according to the scientific method.</p>
<p>Change your assumption.  Consider that the purpose of the Kemp paper is to support a specific hypothesis.</p>
<p>Multiple locations were examined until one was found that satisfied the hypothesis, and the data from that site was used for the study.  The contrary data was not disclosed.</p>
<p>This then allows them to publish and say the data supports the hypothesis.  This was what was done with the hockey stick.  Why would this study be any different?</p>
<p>Having violated the scientific method previously, why assume that this would not be repeated in subsequent studies?</p>
<p>The assumption that the purpose of the study was to conduct science is in error.  The purpose of the study is not to conduct science.  It is to provide evidence in support of a hypothesis, while appearing to be science.</p>
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		<title>By: ferd berple</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-296376</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ferd berple]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jun 2011 20:48:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-296376</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A poster on WUWT noted that sea level rise began to accelerate in the Kemp study about the time large scale tobacco farming was introduced, made practical by pumping of the aquifers to irrigate the tobacco crop.  This practice is known to give the appearance of sea level rise, when in fact it is the ground that is sinking.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A poster on WUWT noted that sea level rise began to accelerate in the Kemp study about the time large scale tobacco farming was introduced, made practical by pumping of the aquifers to irrigate the tobacco crop.  This practice is known to give the appearance of sea level rise, when in fact it is the ground that is sinking.</p>
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		<title>By: Ryan S</title>
		<link>http://climateaudit.org/2011/06/23/riggs-geological-perspective-on-north-carolina-sea-level/#comment-296291</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan S]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jun 2011 16:25:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://climateaudit.org/?p=13945#comment-296291</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[@Tom 

If you want to get a grasp of local sea level changes, then check out the history of &quot;Long Beach Harbour&quot; on wikipedia. Sank several feet due to oil extraction at the wilmington field. Long Beach Harbour has two tide gauges. One can speculate what they are likely to tell you about sea level over the longer term. 

The fact is that heavy concrete harbour walls are ideal places to put tide gauges when you want to know if you can dock the QEII or whatever. Not so ideal if you want to monitor sea levels over 100yrs - they have a tendency to sink into the mud or get their foundations washed away. Just google &quot;subsidence&quot; together with &quot;harbour&quot;, &quot;Quay&quot; or &quot;dock&quot; and you will get the picture. Tide gauges will always give high readings for sea level change because of this subsidence - but the tide gauge readings aren&#039;t that worrying anyway.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@Tom </p>
<p>If you want to get a grasp of local sea level changes, then check out the history of &#8220;Long Beach Harbour&#8221; on wikipedia. Sank several feet due to oil extraction at the wilmington field. Long Beach Harbour has two tide gauges. One can speculate what they are likely to tell you about sea level over the longer term. </p>
<p>The fact is that heavy concrete harbour walls are ideal places to put tide gauges when you want to know if you can dock the QEII or whatever. Not so ideal if you want to monitor sea levels over 100yrs &#8211; they have a tendency to sink into the mud or get their foundations washed away. Just google &#8220;subsidence&#8221; together with &#8220;harbour&#8221;, &#8220;Quay&#8221; or &#8220;dock&#8221; and you will get the picture. Tide gauges will always give high readings for sea level change because of this subsidence &#8211; but the tide gauge readings aren&#8217;t that worrying anyway.</p>
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