Category Archives: Surface Record

Articles focussing on the reliability of the surface record

Hansen’s “Reference Method” in a Statistical Context

I’ve discussed “mixed effects” methods from time to time in paleoclimate contexts, observing that this statistical method known off the Island can provide a context for some paleoclimate recipes, e.g. in making tree ring chronologies. This would make a pretty good article. Another interesting example of this technique, which would also make a pretty good […]

GISS Gridded Data

GISS gridded data is online but in a format that is unintelligible to people who are working with modern computer languages, as opposed to Fortran and who do not know whether their machines are “littleendian” or “bigendian” (see here for GISS discussion) – phrases rather reminiscent of Gulliver’s Travels, perhaps an apt text for Hansen. […]

NASA Step 2 Some Benchmarks

I’m finally stating to come up for air after dealing with the fetid grubs and maggots of Hansen’s code. Needless to say, key steps are not mentioned in the underlying publications, Hansen et al 1999, 2001. I’m not going to discuss these issues today. Instead, I want to show 3 case studies where I’ve been […]

NASA Step 2: Another Iteration

Here are some more notes and scripts in which I’ve made considerable progress on GISS Step 2. As noted on many occasions, the code is a demented mess – you’d never know that NASA actually has software policies (e.g. here or here . I guess that Hansen and associates regard themselves as being above the […]

Estimating Station Biases and Comparing to GISS Homogeneity Adjustments

If you had the task of choosing where to put a climate monitoring thermometer here at the USHCN Climate station of record #469683 in Winfield, WV where would you choose to put it? Certainly the parking lot would not be a good choice. Maybe up in the grassy area behind the security fence? That would […]

GISS Step 2

Here are some notes and functions on some work that I did last fall trying to benchmark the GISS Step 2 adjustment in a non-US site. My first efforts to follow the written prescription have been unsuccessful. I’m placing some tools and a benchmark case (Wellington NZ) online and perhaps people who are trying to […]

Homogeneity Adjustment – Part II

Yesterday I described the work done to the surface station records in Hansen Step 2 in preparation for adjusting urban stations to match the trend of nearby rural stations. The basic substeps are Deciding which stations are rural and which are urban. The methodology used for most of North America differs from that applied to […]

Homogeneity Adjustment – Part I

My curiosity in the mathematics behind the homogeneity adjustment caused me to finally take a close look at Hansen Step 2. This turned out to be an incredibly torturous task. A quote from a Stephen King short story, The Jaunt, came to mind as I plowed through lines of code: “It’s eternity in there…“. However, […]

Indiana Jones and the Hollerith Punch Cards

I’ve been foraging through ICOADS SST data for the past week and have a number of posts in progress. Here’s a diagram that I’m planning to do several comments on. It shows information on the provenance of ICOADS data between 1850, the start of the HadCRU SST record, and the present. It is very obvious […]

Did Canada switch from Engine Inlets in 1926 Back to Buckets?

Folland has been the leading IPCC authority on bucket adjustments. Folland et al 1993 carries out a comparison from early 1980s measurements of (presumably predominantly insulated) bucket and non-bucket measurements, arguing that the difference was about 0.08 (less than 0.12-0.18 suggested in 2006 by Kent and Kaplan. They reported a puzzling situation in the Gulf […]